Apology by Plato essay

Conciliatory sentiment by Plato exposition Conciliatory sentiment by Plato exposition Conciliatory sentiment by Plato essayIn Plato’s Apology, the peruser discovers a lot of fascinating data about the insightful idea that is gotten from Socrates’ protection discourse. Socrates, Plato’s educators and companion, is prepared to guard himself. Socrates’ mission is to help individuals to all the more likely comprehend the significance of life so as to transform them, setting accentuation on goodness and spirits. He says,It is the best useful for an individual to discussVirtue consistently and the other thingsAbout which you hear me speaking and analyzing both myself and others,For the unexamined life does not merit living for a person (Plato 38b).â â â â â â â â â â â Socrates asserts that his job in Athenian culture is significant in light of the fact that he is the person who can bolster the honesty of the general public he lives in by his job as gadfly. Socrates utilizes his remarkable philosophical argumentation to clarify power relations inside the Athenian society.There are two arrangements of charges that were brought against Socrates: the first is discourtesy to the city’s divine beings and the subsequent one is defilement of youngsters. These charges incorporate proper charges brought by Anytus, Meletus and Lycon and some previous charges brought by mysterious individuals. By and by, these two arrangements of charges are interlinked. The charges incorporate â€Å"corrupting the youthful, and by not putting stock in the divine beings in whom the city accepts, yet in other daimonia that are novel† (Plato 24b).Socrates reacts to these charges are persuading. He denies the way that his way of thinking and logical exercises cause mischief to the general public he lives in and the city when all is said in done. He denies that his way of thinking can degenerate the young, asserting that his scholarly idea is of extraordinary incentive for humankind. Socrates attempts to convince the jury about h is honesty, â€Å"No more noteworthy great has come to be in the city than my support of the God† (Plato). Socrates expresses that his lifestyle is the most ideal lifestyle for every person since it produces satisfaction for everybody in the city.â â â â â â â â â â â My own perspective on Socrates’ honesty depends on various realities, including his scholarly idea, his crucial his fearlessness. I have faith in Socrates’ blamelessness, in spite of the fact that the charges brought to him by the court are somewhat genuine for Athenians. Socrates’ protection against the charge that he doesn’t have confidence in Gods is straightforward and adequate. He concedes that he doesn't have confidence in the Gods of the city, however he is guided by a type of higher being, or spirits. He states, â€Å"I live in extraordinary neediness on account of my administration to God† (23c). I totally concur with Socrates’ contention that the ca se in regards to his agnosticism is bogus on the grounds that he puts stock in higher otherworldly creatures. I would have casted a ballot set him free in light of the fact that these two arrangements of charges are deficient for capital punishment.  The second case about the tainted youth is likewise bogus in light of the fact that there is no proof.â One man can't be accused for the debasement of the whole age of youngsters. In this way, for these two arrangements of charges, I would have vote in Socrates’ favor, thinking of him as guiltless.  â â â â â â â â â â Thus, it is important to presume that Socrates has increased overall notoriety for tolerating his demise for the two arrangements of charges tainting the young and dismissing the Athenian city’s Gods.  In Apology, Plato recounts to the tale of Socrates’ preliminary, depicting his conduct and his one of a kind guard during the preliminary procedure. Socrates is guiltless in light of the fact that his insightful idea is valuable for Athenians. He has been wrongly charged.

Technology in World Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Innovation in World Civilization - Essay Example The created overreliance on innovation that is anticipated to continue along these lines implies that individuals can't successfully, as they did previously, handle errands physically. This anyway recognizes a basic issue should a worldwide disaster happen and cripple all innovation based frameworks (Fema, 2011). The issue would be like the Ireland’s potatoes starvation of the nineteenth century. For the situation, social conditions had prompted dependence of potatoes as the main food crop. The crop’s malady that broke out in the year 1845 anyway cut the society’s just wellspring of food, prompting starvation. The results were deadly with further ramifications, for example, â€Å"cholera, looseness of the bowels, typhus, and sign of lice† that prompted demise and relocation of individuals from the locale (Digital, 2012, p. 1). The two occasions thusly distinguish closeness in social orders that can scarcely endure, should their staple application fall flat. Like the potatoes’ situation upset people’s social, political, and monetary lives in Ireland, interruption in innovation will slow down proficient and modern activities that have altogether relied upon it. Financial procedures, social insurance administrations, and correspondence will hence stop. The present society can anyway gradually conform to its manual activity framework, as in the potatoes’ disaster, or bear the results until another innovation is created (Fema, 2011; Digital, 2012). A flaw that cripples all processor-based applications, for example, utilization of PC and PC based gadgets would require arrangements. One of the potential arrangements that the general public can utilize is returning to the customary manual activity framework, a procedure that will rely upon human asset for dynamic and procedure usage. The general public would likewise attempt to research reasons for the issue so as to reestablish the processor applications.

Get Prepared For Art History Essay Topics

Get Prepared For Art History Essay TopicsArt history essays must offer enough knowledge to engage the reader. The key to this is in knowing the history of the artwork, while also including the context and current value for the artwork. The ultimate goal is to answer the questions of whether or not a particular artwork is still valuable.Art history essay topics should involve history in general. Each subject is unique. The topics will be as diverse as one can get. A student must select a topic that has a touch of all of the major disciplines.Class discussions are a good way to start a topic. Discussing the past and how it has influenced the present is a good way to prepare students for what to include. Reading literature that explores such historical events is another avenue. Students can bring their laptops into class and take advantage of assignments and readings offered online. These assignments give students the opportunity to read from an essay perspective.While reading assignmen ts, make sure to narrow down the issues by reading the primary sources. These sources can provide just as much insight as literature studies, but they focus on the actual history of the artwork. In some cases, students may come across notes that they need to incorporate into their own opinions about the subject.Identifying the topics to focus on and developing research skills to satisfy the assigned subjects is essential. Knowledge in a field is useless if there is no research. Students can review the assigned material through student papers, quizzes, or use their laptops to gain insight on the assignments themselves.In addition to being able to write a good essay, students must be able to deliver it in a clear and compelling manner. Most essays have the ability to win applause and praise from the professor. However, the quality of the essay does not lessen the effort. Students must be able to meet the task at hand, with their essay.Art history essay topics can be difficult, especia lly when they concern famous works of art. However, even with minor pieces, the topics vary greatly. Some topics are common among every single artwork; however, others may be more unique.It is important to get started on art history essay topics when they are easy and the writing is fun. Writing for college classes should always be enjoyable, but for art history students, they must be fun. It is a reflection of the individual's passion and interest in a subject.

The Complete Anatomy of a Fish

Fish come in many shapes, colors and sizes. There are thought to be over 20,000 species of marine fish. But all bony fish (fish that have a bony skeleton, as opposed to sharks and rays, whose skeletons are made of cartilage) have the same basic body plan.   Piscine Body Parts In general, fish have the same  vertebrate body as all vertebrates. This includes a notochord, head, tail, and rudimentary vertebrae. Most often, the fish body is fusiform, so it is fast-moving, but it can also be known as filiform (eel-shaped) or vermiform (worm-shaped). Fish are either depressed and flat, or compressed to be laterally thin. Fins Fish have several types of fins, and they may have stiff rays or spines inside of them that keep them upright. Here are the types of fish fins and where they are located: Dorsal fin: This fin is on the fishs back.Anal fin: This fin is located near the tail, on the underside of the fish.Pectoral fins: This fin is on each side of the fish, near its head.Pelvic fins: This fin is found on each side of the fish, on the underside near its head.Caudal fin: This is the tail. Depending on where they are located, a fishs fins may be used for stability and hydrodynamics (the dorsal fin and anal fin), propulsion (the caudal fin), or steering with occasional propulsion (the pectoral fins). Scales Most fish have scales covered with a slimy mucus that helps protect them. There are different scale types: Ctenoid scales: Have a rough, comb-like edgeCycloid scales: Have a smooth edgeGanoid scales: Thick and made of bone covered with an enamel-like substancePlacoid scales: Like modified teeth, they give the skin of elasmobranchs a rough feel. Gills Fish have gills for breathing. They inhale water through their mouths, then close their mouths and force water out over the gills. Here, hemoglobin in blood circulating in the gills absorbs dissolved oxygen in the water. The gills have a gill cover, or operculum, through which the water flows out. Swim Bladder Many fish have a swim bladder, which is used for buoyancy. The swim bladder is a sac filled with gas that is located inside the fish. The fish can inflate or deflate the swim bladder so that it is neutrally buoyant in the water, allowing it to be at the optimal water depth. Lateral Line System Some fish have a lateral line system, a series of sensory cells that detect water currents and depth changes. In some fish, this lateral line is visible as a physical line that runs from behind the fishs gills to its tail.

Essay about Athletes and Anabolic Steroids - 3631 Words

Women Athletes and Anabolic Steroids I. Introduction Anabolic steroids have been around since the 1930s. While they started out solely for medical purposes, they have now become widely accepted for recreational endeavors and heightened athletic performance. Though highly accepted, they are still very illegal without a written prescription. While they have surpassed their medical uses and found their way into top athletes and body builders, they have also crossed the gender barrier. Men are not the only users anymore. More and more women have felt the effects of anabolic steroids and before you think they are the thing for you maybe you should read this first. I. What are Anabolic Steroids? Anabolic steroids†¦show more content†¦Through experimentation, though, scientists found in lab animals that anabolic steroids could facilitate the growth of skeletal muscles and with this is where the weight lifters and athletes come in to play. Since then over 100 anabolic steroids have been developed and most of them still remain illegal without consent from a doctor. While they were initially created for male related irregularities, they are now finding their way into a womans body and becoming a part of some womens daily routine. II. Which kinds are their? Winstrol, Testgro, Testo Prop, Halotestin, Anadrol, Stromba.... the list goes on and on of the common street names for anabolic steroids http://www.pharm.arizona.edu Basically though their are 5 popular separate products being sold individually or in a combination with others that can either be taken orally or injected with needles. This list is Androstenedione, 4-Androstenediol, 5-Androstenediol, 19-Norandrostenedione, and finally 19-Norandrostenediol http://www.betterbodz.com . First, lets consider the andros. They are not drugs and can be sold legally as dietary supplements in health food stores http://www.nida.nih.gov ). Androstene is naturally produced by the bodys adrenal gland. But with the help of scientists, theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Anabolic Steroids on Athletes Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesIt is believed that many athletes use anabolic steroids to increase their muscle mass and also their strength. Anabolic steroids are a group of synthetic hormones that promote the storage of proteins and the growth of tissue, sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size and strength. Before the mid 1970’s the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) was used mainly by highly trained athletes especially those involved in weight training. Since then other athletes including those involvedRead MoreAnabolic Steroids: and the High School Athlete1528 Words   |  7 PagesAnabolic Steroids: And the High School Athlete Anabolic steroid abuse has become a national concern among high school athletes. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of athletes using these performance enhancing drugs in high school almost double the number using since the 1980s. These athletes feel that steroids gives them the competitive edge that they think they need to boost themselves past the competition. Steroids have been used in bodybuilding and other sports since the 1950sRead More Anabolic Steroid Use by Athletes Essay3169 Words   |  13 PagesBen Johnson. He tested positive for anabolic steroid use. It was later discovered that hed been using steroids for several years. He was striped of his gold medal and his world record. Carl Lewis was given the gold and the world record (Ben Johnson). In the many years since this incident, no one has come close to Ben Johnsons time. The next fastest that has ever been ran was a 9.84 by fellow Canadian Donovan Bailey in the 1996 Summer Olympics. Steroids definitely enabled Ben Johnson to reachRead More Anabolic Steroids and the High School Athlete Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesAnabolic Steroids and the High School Athlete Anabolic steroid abuse has become a national concern among high school athletes. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of athletes using these performance enhancing drugs in high school almost double the number using since the 1980s. These athletes feel that steroids gives them the competitive edge that they think they need to boost themselves past the competition. Steroids have been used in bodybuilding and other sports since theRead MoreWhy Do Athletes Use Anabolic Steroids?2261 Words   |  10 PagesMiramontez Professor Winter English 103: Critical Reasoning and Writing 7 May 2015 Why do athletes use Anabolic Steroids? An anabolic steroid is the name that is associated with the male sex hormones. Anabolic steroids promote the development of male sexual characteristics in both males and females, and also promote the growth of the skeletal muscle (drugabuse.gov). In the late 1930s, anabolic steroids were developed. The primary reason for their creation was to treat a certain condition calledRead MoreThe Use Of Anabolic Steroids And How Athletes Are Cheating1482 Words   |  6 Pagescreation of sports. Athletes are becoming bigger, faster and stronger. The competitive edge has started to increase and guys are looking for ways to enhance their performances. Many turn to repetitive practices and healthier diets, while some turn to protein powder. No matter the method the average athlete is trying their best to propel his or her efforts past previous marks. Most stick to natural remedies, but there are a select few that turn to steroid injections. Steroids have overtaken the sportsRead MoreAnabolic Ste roid : Miracle Drug Or Dangerous Way For Athletes2733 Words   |  11 Pages Anabolic Steroid: Miracle drug or Dangerous Way for Athletes to Cheat? Trevor Holmes May 1, 2015 Rock Port High School Abstract Anabolic steroids have been around since the 1950s. They are used in many ways, both medical and recreational. Steroids have negative side effects as well as positive benefits. Steroids users range from professional athletes to males with AIDS that suffer from muscle dystrophy. When forming an opinion on steroids, remember to listen to the facts and rememberRead MoreAthletes, Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Anabolic Steroids Essay2468 Words   |  10 PagesThere are many types of steroids abused by athletes in order to increase their muscle mass and strength. Though steroids have a negative reputation, there are some that can be beneficial to athletes and certain patients. There are types of steroids called corticosteroids that have more medical uses to them and another type called anabolic-androgenic steroids that have a more limited medical use. The anabolic-androgenic are usually the steroids that are being abused by athletes (Bigelow, par.10). TheRead More Anabolic Steroids Use by Athletes: A Threat to Body and Mind2344 Words   |  10 Pagesfor. -- Ralph Waldo Emerson In the world of sports today, anabolic/androgenic steroid use is a vast problem. Since its’ introduction into Russian weightlifting, it has been expanding with no signs of stopping. It has spread into every major sport, with usage by every age and race. The use continues to grow, even with a lengthy list of serious health, legal, and ethical concerns. Because of our societys adoration of muscle, athletes put their athletic goals higher on their priority list than theirRead MoreAnabolic Androgenic Steroids Is A Huge Problem Among Today s Athletes857 Words   |  4 PagesComposition Mrs. Vidden 14 January 2015 Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse in Professional Sports Anabolic-androgenic steroids are a huge problem amongst today’s athletes. The use of these drugs has been around for many years in sports. Understanding anabolic-androgenic steroids and why people take them is needed in the process of trying to eliminate them from professional sports. Also, players knowing and understanding how the negatives of anabolic-androgenic steroid use outweigh the positives will hopefully

Power And Institutional Control / Domination Essay

The paper that I’m writing will reflect on power and institutional control/ domination. This paper will discuss how supplemental readings #4 Emile Durkheim- The Rules of Sociological Method, #14 Karl Marx- The Communist Manifesto, #16 Max Weber- Economy and Society #20 M. Foucault- Docile Bodies from Discipline and Punish all contribute to a true meaning understanding of power and institutions control/ domination. The key components that deals with power, and institutions control/ domination are family relationships between two people either related by birth, marriage, adoption and in some any long -standing ties of intimacy. Education in which knowledge, skills and values are transmitted from on individual or group to another. Religion is based on beliefs and practices pertaining to the norms about the right way to live that is shared a group of believers. Economic institutions are a set of arrangements by which a society produces, distributes and consume goods. Political ins titutions that pertain to the governance of a society. These social institutions listed above are established or standardized patterns of rule governed behaviors that are controlled. Article 1. Emile Durkheim a French Sociologist truly believed that the study of society was to base on and examined on facts. When it comes to what are social facts. Durkheim concept of how and what is society is composed of individuals that keeps society moving and even what makes it fall apart. Social fact consists ofShow MoreRelatedFoucault and the Theories of Power and Identity Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesFoucault believed that power is never in any one persons hands, it does not show itself in any obvious manner but rather as something that works its way into our imaginations and serves to constrain how we act. For example in the setting of a workplace the power does not pass from the top down; instead it circulates through their organizational practices. Such practices act like a grid, provoki ng and inciting certain courses of action and denying others. Foucault considers this as no straightforwardRead MorePower By Niccolo Machiavelli, Hannah Arendt, And Karl Emil1461 Words   |  6 PagesPower is defined as a political action coerced to exercise or to pursuit. It influences and controls the content of political power. The theory of power is argued by Niccolo Machiavelli, Hannah Arendt, and Karl Emil (Max) Weber. Machiavelli’s position stood that power is held by individuals. As for Arendt, she believed power was maintained within groups, while Weber believed power lied in institutions. Niccolo Machiavelli based his position of individual power on his book The Prince. The Prince extendsRead MoreCultural and Racial Inequality in Hemingways Indian Camp562 Words   |  3 Pageswitness the full cycle of birth and death. Although Nicks experience is a major theme in the story, cultural inequality also is an issue that adds to the the storys narrative range. Throughout this short story, there are many examples of racial domination between Nicks family and the Indians. Dr. Adams and Uncle Georges racist behavior toward the Native Americans are based on the history of competition between Caucasians and Americas indigenous peoples. Indian Camp begins at the shore whereRead MoreThe Claims Put Forth By Henry Giroux1603 Words   |  7 Pagesparticularly in the realm of education, and juxtapose them with various Marxist theories, displaying how the latter can be accurately applied in a thorough analysis of the former. More specifically, I will demonstrate how Marx’s theories dealing with Domination, Alienation, and Historical Materialism aptly tie to Giroux’s assertions. Giroux claims that the contemporary education system discourages the notion of true learning and critical thinking, and is instead a mere avenue that trains one for the inevitableRead MoreThe Theory, Social, And Conflict Theory854 Words   |  4 PagesStrain Theory, Institutional Strain Theory, Control Theory, Differential Association, Cultural Transmission, Differential Opportunity, and Delinquent Subcultures. Anomie Theory Emile Durkheim is usually seen as the father of sociological tradition of anomie theory. According to Durkheim, the idea of anomie means that there is a lack of social standards. In his book, The Division of Labor in Society, he describes that the two causes of anomie are division of labor and rapid social control (Bernburg,Read MoreMarxist View Of The Distribution Of Power Within Society And The Political System1336 Words   |  6 Pageswill analyse and critique the Marxist view of the distribution of power within society and the political system. It will then summarise how we commonly define a liberal democracy and what are its recognisable features within a pluralist context such as in Britain. Finally, it will ask how Marxists might view the above as affecting participation in such a political system. Overall this essay will outline the uneven distribution of power Marxism sees in a capitalist, liberal democratic society; the classRead MoreColonialism : Meaning And Scope1460 Wor ds   |  6 PagesIt is an exercise of power and violence against distinct populations that constructs hierarchical opposition and outcasts a particular group transforming them into the subalternity which exacerbates hierarchies creating categories as subalternity (Spivak, 1988). It also characterizes as â€Å"a form of domination- the control of individuals or groups over the territory and/or behavior of other individuals or groups.† (Horvath, 1972, p.46). Domination is the exercise of power over a different subjectRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Civil Rights Movement1407 Words   |  6 Pagessubtle hegemonic power that unfairly withholds political, economic, and social advantages from people of color as the â€Å"possessive investment in whiteness† (2-3). This process of domination is precisely what occurred in the post-Civil Rights Era. Despite the alleged progress believed to have been made, by the mid-1970s â€Å"the overall conditions of the African Am erican population were worse than before the movement,† precisely because of the hegemonic power structure’s effort to restore power (Morant 75)Read MoreAnalysis Of Patricia Hill Collins s Black Feminists1088 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Collins, African-American women inhabit a sex/gender hierarchy in which inequalities of race and social class have been sexualized. By examining the links between sexuality and power, Collins reveals how important controlling Black women’s sexuality has been to the effective operation of domination overall. In other words, Collins claims that sexuality becomes a domain of restriction and repression when it is tied to race, class, and gender. Comparably, in her book Imposing Decency: TheRead MoreSocial Construction And Its Dynamic Effect On Power1157 Words   |  5 Pagesschools of thought in regards to power: power as ‘stuff’ and power as ‘relational’. James Arvanitakis explores the significance of power, inequality, and the numerous complex facets of modern society. This includes the emergence of uneven power relationships and the supremacy of particular groups in society. Hence, the idea of ‘social construction’ and its dynamic effect on power as ‘stuff’ and ‘relational’. The work of philosopher Michel Foucault in regards to social power and disparity attempts to uncover

Web Application Testing-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Analysis and Evaluation of Testing tools like Selenium and JUnit used in Web Application Testing. Answer: This report gives an analysis and evaluation of Testing tools like Selenium and JUnit used in Web Application Testing. An in depth study of Web Applications and the necessity to deliver them with the least number of errors is made. A sample web application is used to do the analysis and measure the efficacy of automating the test scripts. Selenium is a group of software tools which has distinct methods and approaches for automating the test script. This report analyzes the use of Selenium in different operations like locating UI elements and comparing the expected results to the actual results while running a script. The ability of Selenium to execute the same test scripts in different browsers is also analyzed here. The document elucidates the fact that Selenium is not just a tool but a combination of short concise applications which together constitute a Suite of Softwares. This suite is designed to cater to the needs of different requirements and customers depending upon the Testi ng strategy they adopt. A study of how JUnit could be used for Unit Testing Web Applications is made here. JUnit is a unit testing framework. The use of JUnit in writing the test scripts that are intended for repeatable execution is made here. When the sample application is checked unit wise using JUnit, the bugs could be identified early in the Testing process. The Graphical User Interface of JUnit helps in makng the Testing procedure more easy by denoting the progress of testing in a bar that turns red if a test is failed. Testing the sample application with JUnit ensures that the software can be easily rectified of errors as soon as they are found. The main advantage of automating the test scripts using tools like Selenium and JUnit is that it increases the efficiency of the Testing Process to a great extent. Even the most time consuming and redundant Test Cases that are avoided normally during Manual Testing can be carried out if the test scripts are automated. This becomes all the more important in Web Testing as the cost and time involved is very crucial during project delivery. Software Testing The intent of Software Testing is to find the errors in a Software Application while it is being executed. These errors are called by different terminologies such as errors, bugs, deviations or defects (Bertolino, 2007). A complete and comprehensive testing strategy checks each and every requirement that the software application intends to satisfy. Both Verification and validation are two processes that ensures that software meets the business requirements of the client as well as it works exactly as it is expected to. Software systems are not error free. The reasons and chances of program errors are plentiful. Thus companies around the world are spending a big portion of their resources to make the software systems robust, reliable, scalable, safe, secure and defect free. This is where the significance of an economical and decisive software testing methodology becomes important. In spite of the best effort in the design, development and coding of software programs, some errors may persist in the software after its completion. Ever increasing faults in the software applications at various stages of development has invoked interest in Software Testing. As a result, the importance of software testing as an integral part of the software development process has been steadily growing and it has been regarded as the standard technique in the Software Industry to ensure quality and verify the correctness of the software. Formally, Software Testing is defined as the process of exercising or evaluating a system or system component by manual or automated means to verify that it satisfies specified requirements and actual results. Software testing plays a vital role in the software development process. Nearly one-third of the loss caused due to software errors can be easily eliminated by an improved testing infrastructure. A well designed testing process ensures that the software program performs as per the requirement under all conditions. The process of testing a software system is a humongous task which is not only time consuming but also very costly. It was estimated that software testing and debugging alone consume almost 50% of software system development resources. The quality of software can be enhanced by rigorously testing the program at the various stages of its development. The types of software testing has been evolving continuously to match with the rapidity of increase in the complexity of software design, frameworks and programming languages. Software Testing Methods Manual Testing: Manual testingis the process of testing the application manually by a person for detecting the software. It requires a tester to play the role of an end user where they randomly check the application by keying in values and see if the application responds properly. To guarantee completeness of testing, the tester often follows a writtentest planthat leads them through a set of importanttest cases. Automation Testing: Automation testing is a technique that automates the test cases using specific tools which can detect the bugs in less time. In Automation testing, the tester writes scripts by own and uses suitable software to test the software. It is basically an automation of a manual process intended to reduce the time and cost overhead in repeated testing. Literature Review A comparison of three basic software testing techniques is done in (Kuhn et al, 2004). The techniques used are analysing the software structurally by complete statement coverage, testing the code line by line after abstracting it and equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis, which are used as methods in functional testing. The fault detection capabilities of these three methods are analyzed in this paper. It was found that all three methods fared differently based on the professional capacity of the testers. Comparatively, code reading had better results when used by professional programmers, which indicates its slight efficacy over the other methods. A neglected aspect of Software Testing is that as the use of the application increases, the resources which hosts the application can behave erroneously over time. This problem is analyzed and addressed in (Kuhn et al, 2009). The paper evaluates the aspect of Combinatorial Testing, where the different combinations of the resources that host the application are determined and verified up to a pre specified level. This can help in detecting the possible errors early at the testing phase, as it ensures there would not be a problem due to the different combinations of resources used. Regression Testing becomes mandatory for an application that has to undergo frequent changes. These changes may be due to the new requirements or new modifications to the existing application. It becomes mandatory to check the whole application each time a modification is made to ensure that the current application is not affected adversely by new changes. (Wong et al, 1997) elucidates the different methods by which Regression Testing could be made simpler by reducing the number of test cases required to be run each time a modification happens. This is done by prioritizing and minimizing the test cases and using only a subset of them that recognizes the deviations specifically. The significance of using Web Applications and methods to improve their quality is analyzed in (Ricca and Tonella, 2001). A UML representation of the web application is proposed first. The UML representation helps in deriving the static site structure and also other high level details of the web application. These details could be used to generate a framework for white box testing and automate the test cases. Testing by this method increases the accuracy and reduces the effort in testing a Web Application. The effectiveness of using automated testing tools and a comparative study of these tools like Selenium, QTP and Test Complete is made in (Kaur and Gupta, 2013). The study evaluates the performance of these tools specific to requirements such as Black Box Testing, Functional Testing and Regression Testing. Each tool has its advantages based on the requirements and the type of application. In (Holmes and Kellog, 2006) explains the use of Selenium as a tool of choice for testing Web Applications. The paper elaborates certain features of Selenium. Selenium as a tool has the ability to do Testing initially before the design and can determine when to start or stop User Acceptance Testing. It also has the capacity to provide automated test suites for Regression Testing. An analysis is also made on the duration required to write the scripts in development environment and how far the functional requirements could be covered completely by the tool. Apart from its use as an automation tool for Web Applications, (Kongsli, 2007) discusses the use of Selenium in Security Testing. Unmasking the susceptibilities of an application by creating test scripts that simulate anomalous behaviour is called Security Testing, which is discussed in length in the paper. Test scenarios and Test scripts are designed meticulously which demonstrate the use of the tool in creating such test scripts. The use of a Keyword Driven Framework is explained in (Singla and Kaur, 2014) to automate the test scripts. A testing tool called Selenium Webdriver is used to abstract the detailed functions necessary to automate the testing process. These concise functions are then populated into an excel file. The description as to how the program should run is also given in the excel sheet and the automation process is carried out more efficiently. The different methods by which Unit Tests can be written in an improved way is investigated in (Cheon and Leavens, 2002). The paper elucidates the methods by which a runtime assertion checker is used to determine the correctness of the test scripts. The use of specifications which abstract the elaborate test scripts is also considered here. Specifications are used instead of descriptive test code which makes the the testing process more concise and readable. This specification enabled Unit Testing with JML and JUnit is examined in depth here. How test case prioritization can increase the fault detection capability of a test suite is analyzed in (Rothermel and Kinneer, 2004). An experimental setup where unit test cases are executed after test case prioritization is implemented here. The paper reiterates the fact that unit testing using JUnit after test case prioritization proves to be more cost effective. Prioritization ensures that the Test Cases are executed in a particular order wh ich could reduce the overhead in Regression Testing. By using JUnit for Java programs, the fault detection capabilities of the Unit tests significantly improve. Why selenium and JUnit for testing web applications? Selenium Selenium is an open source tool that gives a framework for testing Web Applications (Singh and Tarika, 2014). The tool can be easily accessed, downloaded and used. Essentially, the Selenium tool is an add-on feature for the Firefox browser, and can be used to automate the test scripts written for a Web Application. The sample program selected here is the Mercury Tours Web Application that is provided along with QTP installation to learn the initial concepts of Web Application Testing. Since it is a Web Application that is being tested here, a cost effective, simple and compact technique for testing should be adopted. Selenium meets the criterion of being cost effective, since it is an open source tool. Selenium also supports a variety of platforms, languages and browsers which makes it very handy for the testers to work with. As with other modern tools, Selenium also has an active community based support for its users. It is a package of different tools intended to address different testing issues and hence referred to as a Test Suite. It is relatively easier to use and since the scripts run directly on the browsers, the results can be seen by the users (Bruns et al, 2009). The reporting feature of Selenium is also user friendly and allows the testers to analyze the results and take necessary steps to rectify them. The basis of Selenium lies in a client server architecture. The client component comprises of a WebDriver API and a Remote WebDriverClass. The WebDriver API is used to interact with the elements of the application while the Remote WebDriver class acts as an interface and corresponds with the Selenium server. Similarly the server comprises of a server component that receive requests, a WebDriver API that executes the test scripts on the server and a SeleniumGrid which ensures the cross browser and cross platform capabilities of the tool. While testing the Mercury Tours Web Application, simple scripts can be used to run the tests directly within the browser. Thus the same test scripts could be used to test the same functionality in different browsers. For testing the login page of the sample application, the Selenium IDE provides a number of context menus and within the context the number of available commands could also been seen. There are certain assertion statements which ensure that the action performed is correct. The test scripts could be abstracted to HTML tables which make the testing process more concise and efficient. The dynamism of Selenium is illustrated by the Selenium IDE, also called the recorder which helps in the user to navigate and simulate the tests which may be done manually (Choudhary et al, 2010). The server in Selenium also gives the option to write the test with any program which enables different functionality like conditional logic to be integrated into the automated testing process (Gunde cha, 2012). There is a sequential order by which a test script is designed and executed in Selenium. First a WebDriver instance is created for the sample Mercury tours Web Application. Then an HTML element like an input box for the username is selected after navigating to the page. Once the HTML element is selected an action could be carried out on that particular element. Then the tests are run on the elements and the results are recorded. By creating test scripts for the sample application using Selenium, it can be determined that this tool is one of the best in the industry that can perform even miniscule user events. Because Selenium allows a great deal of freedom for the Tester to write their own logic, it provides the chance to do complex operations (Pajunen et al, 2011). JUnit JUnit is a unit testing framework for Web Applications in Java. The concept of Test Driven Development is relevant while discussing JUnit in Unit Testing. Test Driven development is a Software Development process, where the requirements are converted into Test Cases and the code is rewritten to meet these requirements. As the name suggests, Test Driven Development lays emphasis on Testing early during the development phase, which thereby reduces the cost and effort in tracking down the bugs at a later stage. Unit Testing is the process of verifying a single unit in an application to see if it is running without any hitches. Unit Testing could be termed as the initial step in testing a Web Application, by confirming that the independent units within the application works fine by themselves, before an integration of these units are made. By integrating these units, modules are made, which in turn when grouped together form the entire system. As testing these basic building blocks results in verifying the correctness of the program, it initiates the developer to scrutinize his code in a more meticulous way. For a standalone application, it becomes mandatory to call the programs main() method to do any verification in the code level. Similarly in a Web Application, to ensure that the flow is working correctly, the program has to be run in the Server. Hence testing the Web Application becomes a gruesome task, as each time an error is uncovered, the Server has to be restarted, and the changes in the application has to get reflected in the Server. By using JUnit, these issues can be addressed. Practically, during web development, JUnit test cases are implemented in the DAO classes. The advantage of using these DAO classes is that it can be tested and verified without the help or presence of the Server. This makes JUnit a very handy tool for testing the Web Applications, where there is no need to keep verifying whether the changes has to be incorporated in the Server. Conclusion Web Testing is nothing but the process of checking the web application for errors before the application is delivered to the client or shifted to the production team for making it live. Since a variety of users will be accessing the Web Application it is absolutely mandatory to make sure that the Application reaches the end users in a standard and presentable manner. The Functional Testing of a Web Application ensures that the all the specifications and the functional requirements of the application is met correctly. Some of the basic functionalities that has to be checked and taken care of, while a Web Application is being released is that to see if all the web links like outgoing, mailto, anchor and internal links are working properly. Apart from this it also has to be taken care of that all the web forms are working as expected. A few things that are ensured during this process is that if all the mandatory fields are not populated it throws relevant exception messages. And also th at the default values are populated and the values that are being entered into the forms are populated in the database as well. Selenium proves to be the best among all the other tools that captures almost all the activities that a user performs in a browser. Since Selenium has the capability to add logic by using programming concepts, it is the tool of choice for many Testers in the industry. In addition to that Selenium and JUnit are open source tools which make it economical and viable for using them at will. Advantages like being portable and being cross browser and cross platform friendly makes it the tool of choice for automating the test scripts in Regression Testing. The fault detection capabilities of the tool is also analyzed and found to be better than most other tools in the industry now References Bertolino, A. (2007). Software testing research: Achievements, challenges, dreams. In2007 Future of Software Engineering(pp. 85-103). Kuhn, D. R., Wallace, D. R., Gallo, A. M. (2004). Software fault interactions and implications for software testing.IEEE transactions on software engineering,30(6), 418-421. Kuhn, R., Kacker, R., Lei, Y., Hunter, J. (2009). Combinatorial software testing.Computer,42(8). Wong, W. E., Horgan, J. R., London, S., Agrawal, H. (1997). A study of effective regression testing in practice. InSoftware Reliability Engineering, 1997. Proceedings., The Eighth International Symposium on(pp. 264-274). Ricca, F., Tonella, P. (2001). Analysis and testing of web applications. InProceedings of the 23rd international conference on Software engineering(pp. 25-34). Kaur, H., Gupta, G. (2013). Comparative study of automated testing tools: Selenium, quick test professional and testcomplete.International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,3(5), 1739-43. Holmes, A., Kellogg, M. (2006). Automating functional tests using selenium. InAgile Conference, 2006(pp. 6-pp). Kongsli, V. (2007, October). Security testing with Selenium. InCompanion to the 22nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems and applications companion(pp. 862-863). ACM. Singla, S., Kaur, H. (2014). Selenium Keyword Driven Automation Testing Framework.IJARCSSE ISSN,2277. Cheon, Y., Leavens, G. T. (2002, June). A simple and practical approach to unit testing: The JML and JUnit way. InECOOP(Vol. 2374, pp. 231-255). Do, H., Rothermel, G., Kinneer, A. (2004). Empirical studies of test case prioritization in a JUnit testing environment. InSoftware Reliability Engineering, 2004. ISSRE 2004. 15th International Symposium on(pp. 113-124). Singh, I., Tarika, B. (2014). Comparative analysis of open source automated software testing tools: Selenium, sikuli and watir.International Journal of Information Computation Technology,4(15), 1507-1518. Bruns, A., Kornstadt, A., Wichmann, D. (2009). Web application tests with selenium.IEEE software,26(5). Choudhary, S. R., Versee, H., Orso, A. (2010, September). A cross-browser web application testing tool. InSoftware Maintenance (ICSM), 2010 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 1-6). Gundecha, U. (2012).Selenium Testing Tools Cookbook. Packt Publishing Ltd. Pajunen, T., Takala, T., Katara, M. (2011, March). Model-based testing with a general purpose keyword-driven test automation framework. InSoftware Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW), 2011 IEEE Fourth International Conference on(pp. 242-251).

Announces Office of Management and Budget Director and Deputy Director free essay sample

Abigails Vengeance essays

Abigails Vengeance essays The witch trials of 1692 were among the darkest experiences of United States history. Forming in the rigid Puritan community of Salem, these infamous trials were a perfect example of vengeance based injustice. In Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, it all begins as but a simple accusation against a hand full of girls and only later develops into the great hysteria they are known as today. Ironically, these truth seeking hearings were built entirely of falsehoods, most of which originates from the testimonies of Abigail Williams. Abigails vengeful feelings spur her into manipulating the girls, lying to the court, and attempting to ruin the relationship of John and Elizabeth Proctor. Abigails need for revenge causes her to use manipulation to intimidate the girls into following her plan of deceit. Abigail bullies the other girls into not spoiling her plan for revenge by verbally and physically attacking them. Let either of you breathe a word, Abigail threatens, or the edge of a word about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you (835). Abigail knows all the girls fear her and she uses this to her advantage. Abigails paralysis allows the whole outcome of the witch trials to favor her. Abigails selfishness also causes her to frequently lie in court. Madly in love with John Proctor, Abigail believes that if Elizabeth were not in the way, he would belong to her. When the accusations begin, Abigail quickly claims to have seen Elizabeth Proctor with the devil. Abigail even goes out of her way to get Mary to plant the poppet in Elizabeths possession. She then stabs herself with a needle into her stomach and blames Elizabeth of wanting to kill her. She denies that the poppet belongs to Mary Warren and insists that Elizabeth is playing with witchcraft. When M...

Comparison, contrast and evaluation of the business case for the use Essay

Comparison, contrast and evaluation of the business case for the use of high performance in the two organizations - Essay Example In short, it is a collaborative and a continuous process conducted between a supervisor and employee in order to plan, develop and evaluate employee’s performance. Effective performance management aligns the efforts of supervisors and the employees by helping the employees to perform at their best to reach their goals and ensures that the performance management system conducted with fairness and transparency. Hence, ongoing performance management of the employees helps the organization to monitor the performance of employee’s achievements goals (University of Virginia, 2010). Comparison, contrast and evaluation of the business case for the use of high performance in the two organizations TCS and Air India are two big Indian organizations, which obviously from their diverse sectors have something in common. However, Air India and TCS have been taken to show the contrast as well as the comparison existing between the two organizations in case of performance management sys tems. Performance Management system in TCS considered as a velocity centre of an organization. In addition, TCS a private sector enterprise and largest IT Company in India, has a full-bodied appraisal system, where appraisal system based on balance score card, which is conducted at the end of the year or at the end of the project. However, in January 2008 the appraisal system was conducted, it was seen that the employees who received a rating of two in performance improvement plan, which was for a fixed period and based on this plan they were given an additional training in order to improve their performance. In the absence of improvement in performance, employees were given the option to resign (Dezzler & Varkkey, (2009). Performance Appraisal is not implemented as a continuous process in Air India, whereas in TCS the employees gain the advantage of receiving the rewards for their performance for a longer period in terms of achieving its goals. The reason behind the high performanc e of the employees in TCS is that, the employees performance are being appreciated and recognized by their supervisors which leads to bring the improve productivity in the organization. However, the performance of the employees in the Air India compared to TCS is comparatively low. Various kinds of rewards like long service awards and offering performance based annual increment to the high performers, generally motivates the employees to contribute towards high performance in the workplace. In Air India, reward systems generally related to performance, which was first, introduced at the Senior Executive Service in the organization and Senior Officers were considered the detached employees in the public sector. Therefore, according to Mac, there are many public sector firms, which had taken some long steps in rigorous way while dealing with issues related to performance of the employees (Australian Government, 1968, p.17-18). The main motive behind conducting performance appraisal in TCS is based on the

Professional Project Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Professional Project - Dissertation Example Based on critical analysis and assessment, a group of entrepreneurs can determine the best option for their organization. It was based on such critical analysis that owners the ABC organization chose two of the three options, which are merger and acquisition. This M&A will be between a Dutch and Japanese Organization. In business or finance, merger occurs when one organization is united with another one in such a way that the separate organizations coming together begin to share all profits and loss. To this end, the Business Link Journal (2010) explain that â€Å"A merger is when you integrate your business with another and share control of the combined businesses with the other owner(s).† acquisition on the order hand occurs when one organization buys an entire organization, inheriting all its asserts and deficits and becoming the outright owner of the bought company. The Business Link Journal (2010) explains that â€Å"An acquisition is when you buy another business and en d up controlling it.† Drawing the difference between merger and acquisition, the Economy Watch (2011) argues that â€Å"Mergers occur when the merging companies have their mutual consent as different from acquisitions, which can take the form of a hostile takeover.† What is peculiar about ABC’s move is that the intended merger and acquisition is to take place between organizations of different cultural and national backgrounds. There is thus a situation whereby management has to deal with the fact that there will be employees from different cultures who must be resourced and managed in such a way that their diversity would produce benefits instead of demerits. This dissertation has therefore been set out to identify and examine how these two cultures – Japanese and Dutch will impact on staff morale in the merger. It is also about how organizational cultural change affects or influence staff morale. The professional project is divided into six major compone nts. The first section is the introduction which provides a brief overview of the whole project by outlining the workplace context, giving information about aspects of the researcher’s professional background that is particularly relevant to the professional project and giving details about who are involved in the project. The second session is dubbed literature review and it is committed to reviewing literature relevant to the research problem. There is also the approach, which provides information about what I did, how I did it, who was involved, when it was done and where it was done. Again, there is the section for findings where the researcher makes known, the data that was collected. After the findings, the researcher undertakes a reflective discussion of the findings and closes the professional project with a conclusion. The professional context of the researcher in relation to this project is that the researcher is a worker at the human resource department of his orga nization. Due to this, he has a responsibility ensuring the welfare and improved morale of his own employees. The project on ABC Organization would therefore be a test ground and a learning platform for him to translate to his own organization. Participants of the project are therefore mainly employees of various organizations were there is an intercultural employee system in place. The major role of these

The Notebook Essay Example for Free

The Notebook Essay The film The Notebook is a 2004 romantic drama set along the coast line of South Carolina in 1946, directed by Nick Cassavetes. This film is an American love story between two young adults, Ally and Noah, which had fallen for each other over a short summer break and was torn apart due to financial differences that were looked down upon by Allys parents. Noah Calhoun, played by Ryan Gosling, is a rural southerner who had fought in world war two after his beloved Ally had left him after their summer romance had come to an abrupt end. This film is set from Noahs point of view many years later after their love had been rekindled while his Ally is in a nursing home suffering from onset Alzheimer’s which is to whom he is reading this love story too. The reason Noah and Allys summer love comes to an end is because Allys parents are these rich, essentially, stuck up people, who are only in Seabrook for summer vacation. To their dismay their daughter falls for this you man, Noah, who is just a commoner in town with not a dime to his name that they consider trash. This is why they pack themselves up with out a moments notice and leave town the next day. Upon Allys departure Noah writes Ally every day for a year, three hundred and sixty-five letters. Noah does not receive, not even one letter, back from Ally due to the fact that her mother takes every single letter that wrote and puts them aside so that Ally would not receive them. A while after Noah lists to be drafted for World War II where he loses his best friend in action. After returning home from war, to Noahs discovery, his father has sold their home to but an abandoned house in town. This was which was Noahs dream to restore this home for Ally; it was something they had talked about during that summer. After not seeing or hearing from Ally for several years Noah crosses paths with her in Charleston where she witnesses her kissing Lon, her current fiance, in a restaurant. Shattered by this seen this is Noahs drive to finish restoring the house, thinking that once Ally realizes what he has done she will come back to him. Amongst doing so with his father’s help, Noahs father passes, which gives him more drive to finish the home in order to bring back the one and only thing he feels he has left. Once finishing the house a picture of the home and Noah are photographed and place in the newspaper, Noah had tried selling the house but no offer was ever good enough when he thought about Ally. Ally is at a bridal shop when her mother shows her the paper where it had talked about her wedding being the biggest event of the year. It is then that Ally opens the paper and sees Noah standing next to the house when she faints. This is when Ally decides to leave and go back to Seabrook to see Noah and the gorgeous home he has restored, which is the seen I have chosen to analyze. Upon Allys arrival Noah is shocked; they spend a couple of days together making dinner enjoying each other’s company. Noah takes her out on the row boat to a place that is filled with these beautiful white birds that look like swans where Ally feeds them. On the way in it starts pouring rain they make it to the dock and Ally starts to run up to the dock to the house while Noah pulls the boat in and she stops and yells Why didnt you write me? It wasn’t over for me! Why didnt you write? Noah pauses, looks at her and says, I wrote you, three hundred and sixty-five letters. I wrote you every day for a year. Ally, You wrote me? Noah, It wasnt over for me either. It still isn’t over. Noah pulls her into kiss her and picks her up and carries her upstairs where they make love. Here I think the rain symbolizes and adds to the drama and emotion that the script is portraying. It allows the emotion to sink in a little deeper and reach the viewers down deep. Also being tha t this scene is outside in a rain storm, it’s gloomy and hazy. I believe that feelings adds to the confusion between Ally and Noah of her not knowing that Noah had written her and Noah not knowing that Ally had not received his letters. The setting allows you to sympathize for the misunderstanding more. This setting is taken as a full shot which allows you to view the landscape around Ally and Noah as well as their entire figure. It allows you to view their body language from a distance standing in the rain and how it affects their wardrobe. The quick close up as Noah pulls her in to kiss her as he picks her up allows the viewers to witness the emotion and passion that Noah and Ally have for one another. The next morning Allys mother shows up, once hearing she returned to Seabrook, she knew exactly where she would be able to find Ally. Her mother knocks on the door and asks Ally to come with her. She takes her to a factory where man is outside working and points to a man. She tells Ally that was her Noah so to speak when she was younger. She tells Ally’s that she knows how she feels because she loves her father but still has never forgotten or lost feelings for this man. She also tells Ally that this is her choice and that she will now respect any decision she makes but to make sure that the decision she makes is the one that will make her happy. They return back to the house and her mother hands her all of her letters and apologized for keeping them from her. She also advised her that Lon, her fiance, was in town. Noah sees all of her with the letters he wrote her several years ago and asks Ally what she is going to do. Ally states that she doesn’t know. Noah becomes frustrated because he is upset that they are back to that same place where their relationship is unknown after the few wonderful days that they have spent together. He tells Ally that she is scared of not having security, meaning money. Ally storms out to her car and says she has to go. Noah tells her Youre bored and you know it. If there wasnt something missing you wouldnt be here. Will you just stay with me? Ally, Why? Look at us we are already fighting. Noah, Thats what we do we fight. You tell me when I am being an asshole and I tell you when you are being a pain in the ass. Ally, So what? Noah, So its not going to be easy. Its going to be really hard; were going to have to work at this every day, but I want to do that because I want you. I want all of you, forever, everyday. You and me, everyday. † Noah tells asks here, Do something for me, just picture your life thirty, forty years from now. If its with him then go, go! I lost you once I think I can do it again if I thought it’s what you really wanted. But don’t you take the easy way out! For myself, I think the script has a lot to do with the way someone is going to react or feel about a film. In this scene, the script it so real and raw that everyone can relate to it and understand the emotion behind the feelings. The emotion behind the script is what engages the viewer to understand and keep them connected to want to watch the film and to continue being engaged. That is essentially one of the main ways of getting someone to connect with something, through emotion. Also in this scene they are outside but the camera view is focused on them, up close, personal. There is also not even a subtle back or outside noise which allows you to focus on the script. This scene also contains mostly an eye-level angle which puts the viewers on an equal footing with the Ally and Noah. This is one of the most commonly used angles in films to allow the viewers to feel more comfortable with the characters in the film. This setting being outside with Ally at her car wanting to leave after this romantic reconnection over the past two days I feel also adds drama, because the viewers at this point are not wanting Ally to leave Noah yet again. I believe that the techniques used in this film create such correlated cinematography. It allows you to create such a connection with the characters on such an emotional level. To do so and keep viewers connected and wanting more is what makes a good film. With these camera angles and shots, with the settings that they were in I feel were completed successfully and would not leave any viewer disconnected or un-oriented.

Judgment in the House of Sand and Fog by Andre Dubus Essay example --

People place judgment on one another every day based on differences. Sometimes it is done subconsciously; sometimes it is done on purpose. In the book The House of Sand and Fog, by Andre Dubus III, two different cultures were represented; Kathy represented the culture of the western civilization, whereas Behrani represented the culture of Persians. People judge one another based on unimportant things, and get judged based on those same things as well. Two cultures were used to amplify how different their cultures were from one another. Throughout the book cultures vocalized what they did not like about the other cultures by placing judgment on people based on ethnicity, appearance, and status; despite how different the cultures were, they had something in common, negative judgment. In a world where there is so much diversity, the only way for all cultures to get along is to place judgments aside and accept the differences. The book is introduced with Behrani placing judgment on the people he works with. He is judging the other people based on their race, and their status. Behrani refers to the men he works with as if they don't deserve to even be in his presence. "He is goh, the shit of life. They are all goh," (pg 16). Even though many of the men he works with do not deserve to be regarded so low, Behrani judges them as he would if he still maintained the position he had in Iran as a colonel. Behrani and his family also judge Kathy for being American. When Behrani explains to his son the situation their family is now a part of he explains it in a way that is judging of Americans. He says, "Remember what I have told you of so many Americans: they are not disciplined and have not the courage to take responsibility ... ...g, like it was in the book The House of Sand and Fog. Much of the outcome of the book was based on the fact that judgments were made, had judgment not been made about status, Kathy may not have cared so much about getting that house back, had Behrani not been judged based on status, he may have not bought that home. Cultures judge one another every day, and people within those cultures judge each other as well. This constant judging of others and of ones self is what causes people to be unhappy in the first place. The only way to live happily within ones culture, and in the world of many cultures, is to accept that each culture and person is different, which is what makes each culture and person so special; the only way to live happily in ones life, is to accept and embrace differences. Works Cited: Dubus, Andre. House of Sand and Fog. New York: Norton, 1999

Historical Criticism of Anton Chekhov’s “The Lady with the Dog”

Russian short story writer and playwright Anton Chekhov's The Lady with the Dog (1899) is a brilliant exposition of how society's laws and institutions hinder an individual's quest for freedom and happiness (RadEssays, n. pag.). According to the poet and critic Dana Gioia, the style in which the short story was written was consistent with the emerging trends in nineteenth-century short story writing (Gioia, n. pag.).On one hand, it was based on the â€Å"anti-Romantic realism of Maupassant with its sharp observation of external social detail and human behavior conveyed within a tightly drawn plot† (Gioia, n. pag.). On the other, it also mirrored the â€Å"modern psychological realism of early Joyce in which the action is mostly internal and expressed in an associative narrative built on epiphanic moments† (Gioia, n. pag.). Hence, Gioia considered The Lady with the Dog, along with his later works, as a turning point in European literature (Gioia, n. pag.).The short story 's main character, Dmitri Dmitrich Gurov, was a man whose life was trapped early by society and the institution of marriage (RadEssays, n. pag.). During the 1900s, Russian society, just like all other societies, believed that marriage is a sacred institution (BookStove, n. n. pag.). To go against this norm (by committing adultery) meant facing social condemnation and ostracism (BookStove, n. pag.). However, Russia's upper classes only paid lip service to this rule – marriage for them was more of a convennient way to establish and secure fortunes and bloodlines (BookStove, n. pag.). Therefore, while they paraded themselves in public as respectable and happily-married people, they secretly engaged in extramarital affairs to temporarily escape the harsh reality of being trapped in a loveless marriage.Gurov was no exception. Although his real interest lay in the arts (he graduated with a degree in this field), he was forced to take up a â€Å"dignified† job in a bank (Chek hov, n. pag.). To make matters worse, his parents had set an arranged marriage for him with a woman he described as â€Å"unintelligent, narrow (and) inelegant† (Chekhov, n. pag.) – simply put, a woman he did not love. As a result, Gurov was miserable, â€Å"bored and and not himself†¦cold and uncommunicative (in the society of men)† (Chekhov, n. pag.).But feminist critcs argued that the real reason for the scorn he felt towards his wife was that she was an â€Å"outspoken woman who considers herself an intellectual† (Answers, n. pag.) – Gurov was intimadated with assertive women and preferred a woman whom he could control (Answers, n. pag.).Just like many other Russian upper-class men of his time, Gurov found solace in extramarital affairs (BookStove, n. pag.). For him, these liasons were more than just outlets for lust – they were manifestations of his protest against the society which condemned him to a â€Å"pitiable† existen ce (BookStove, n. pag.). Although Gurov openly labelled women as â€Å"the lower race† (Chekhov, n. pag.), he â€Å"could not get on for two days together† without them (Chekhov, n. pag.). His treatment of and philosophy towards women reflected the hypocrisy of Russian society with regard to the issues of love, marriage and infidelity (BookStove, n. pag.).Gurov came across an ally in his latest mistress, Anna Sergeyevna. Just like him, Sergeyevna was also a prisoner of her marriage – she got married young (20 years old), but soon regretted having done so (ECheat, n. pag.). She no longer loved her husband, regarding him as a â€Å"flunkey† (ECheat, n. pag.). In sharp contrast to Gurov’s wife, Sergeyevna was â€Å"soft and childlike, weepy and vulnerable, even a bit ‘pathetic’† (Answers, n. pag.) – the ideal Russian woman of the 1900s (Answers, n. pag.). Eager to live a single and uncommitted life once again, she feigned il lness and went to Yalta, a well-known health resort in Russia (Answers, n. pag.).Free from the unhappy situation of their respective families, Gurov and Sergeyevna carried out an illicit affair in Yalta (Answers, n. pag.). Although Sergeyevna initially felt guilty after Gurov kissed her for the first time, she was already in love with him by the time she returned to S (ECheat, n. pag.). Chekhov used symbolisms to decribe the intensity of their passion for one another. The moon, a timeless symbol of fertility, symbolized the birth of Gurov and Sergeyevna's affair (Openpapers, n. pag.). Sergeyevna's pet Pomeranian, meanwhile, represented the dependency, loyalty and amusement that they were looking for in their respective spouses, but found in one another (Paperstarter, n. pag.).When Gurov and Sergeyevna resumed their normal lives, it was then that they realized how much they missed and loved each other (ECheat, n. pag.). After meeting again in a theater, they decided to continue their clandestine affair. They secretly met in Moscow (Gurov’s hometown) â€Å"once in two or three months† (Chekhov, n. pag.).But Gurov and Sergeyevna eventually got tired of hiding like theives just to maintain their relationship. When they had their usual rendezvous at Sergeyevna’s room at the Slaviansky Bazaar hotel, they discussed â€Å"how to avoid the necessity for secrecy, for deception, for living in different towns and not seeing each other for long at a time† (Chekhov, n. pag.). But they were unable to come up with a clear solution (ECheat, n. pag.).Indeed, Gurov and Sergeyevna’s illicit liaison was a no-win situation. True, they had found real love in each other. But in a society that abhors relationships such as theirs, they were left with three options: run away, tell their respective spouses the truth or end the affair then and there (ECheat, n. pag.). Divorce was out of the question – in 1900s Russia, it was a social taboo, along with adultery (Answers, n. pag.). Divorced people were met with the same social denunciation and isolation bestowed on adulterers and adultresses (Answers, n. pag.). The open-ended conclusion added more credibility to the short story’s theme – the choice between being true to one’s self or adhering to what society believes to be correct.Chekhov’s other writings also echoed the animosity between an individual and society. In the short story Betrothed (1903), the protagonist, Nadya, was engaged to Andrey Andreyich, a man whom she didn’t love (Chekhov, n. pag.). She had no other choice – Russian women during the 1900s were not allowed to study or to work outside the home. Hence, marriage appeared to be Nadya’s only ticket to economic advancement (Eshbaugh, 3).But her perspective changed when Aleksander Timofeyich (fondly called â€Å"Sasha†) arrived from Moscow to visit her family. Upon learning of Nadya’s engagement to And reyich, Sasha warned her about the lifeless existence that is the result of an arranged marriage (Eshbaugh, 3).â€Å"Only enlightened and holy people are interesting, it's only they who are wanted. The more of such people there are, the sooner the Kingdom of God will come on earth†¦ Dear Nadya, darling girl, go away! Show them all that you are sick of this stagnant, grey, sinful life. Prove it to yourself at least (Chekhov, n. pag.)!†Despite Nadya’s initial misgivings, she heeded Sasha’s words. With his help, she fled to St. Petersburg, where she attended university (Eshbaugh, 3). Nadya eventually realized that she made the right decision in relying on herself instead of on marriage to achieve happiness (Eshbaugh, 3). Even her family ultimately supported her choice – their letters to her were â€Å"resigned and kindly, (as if) everything seemed to have been forgiven and forgotten† (Chekhov, n. pag.).Betrothed was â€Å"the last published work of Chekhov and thus his dying words to his literary audience† (Eshbaugh, 3). In a way, this explains its optimistic ending. If in The Lady with the Dog, Chekhov exposed the futility of society’s norms of â€Å"marriage for monetary gains (and) living an idle life without purpose and without love† (Eshbaugh, 3), in Betrothed, he imparted that if man can create society and the status quo, he can also change them.Works CitedChekhov, Anton. â€Å"The Betrothed.† 2008. Ibiblio.org. 11 March 2008 . Chekhov, Anton. â€Å"The Lady with the Dog.† 2008. Online-Literature. 11 March 2008 . Eshbaugh, Ruth. â€Å"Literary Analysis of The Lady with the Dog by Anton Chekhov.† 21 June 2007. AssociatedContent. 11 March 2008 . Gioia, Dana. â€Å"Anton Chekhov’s ‘The Lady with the Pet Dog’.† 1998. Dana Gioia Online. 11 March 2008 . â€Å"Anton Chekhov, ‘The Lady with the Dog’.† 2008. RadEssays.com. 11 March 2008 . â€Å"A Review of Lady with a Pet Dog by Anton Chekhov.† 4 July 2005. ECheat. 11 March 2008 . â€Å"The Lady with the Dog.† 11 July 2007. BookStove. 11 March 2008 . â€Å"The Lady with the Dog (Anton Chekhov).† 2007. PaperStarter. 11 March 2008 . â€Å"The Lady with the Dog by Chekhov.† 2008. Openpapers. 11 March 2008 . â€Å"The Lady with the Pet Dog (Criticism).† 2008. Answers.com. 11 March 2008 .

Essay on The Philosophy of Education - 650 Words

In order for a society to function, individuals must be productive members of that society. This is accomplished through education. The philosophy of education is determined by society. As society changes so does the concept of education. Education is needed for individuals to function in society. Without the proper tools, people would be a burden instead of an asset. To become an asset, individuals need to be exposed to those elements which would enrich their lives through knowledge. Knowledge in our society is basically learned through education. The basic knowledge each person should receive from an education is the three R’s; reading writing, and arithmetic. These mediums will enable a person to survive in today’s society.†¦show more content†¦Education can bring these individual talents to the surface. Having these talents developed by the way of the educational system, a person is more likely to become a productive member of society. Without these gifts and talents of individuals, answers in the medical, environmental, and social fields could remain mute and unexplored. Education has the responsibilities to bring out the best in each individual. The needs of society are continually changi ng. Therefore, education must also continue to change in order to productive responsible members of society. Education a hundred years ago is far different from the education today. Each generation is exposed to more and more information. This information needs to be processed and delivered to individuals. Education is the vehicle to do this. Reading, Writing and arithmetic will always be the backbone to education. However, education must also look at society and determine what more is needed to do. In our society today, computer and AIMS testing are the main focal point. Over ten years ago, high school students were being exposed to the use of the computer. Today in the 21st Century, children in kindergarten are receiving the necessary information to become computer literate. Without education keeping its eyes on what is happening in society, the next generation will be left behind. Education is the eyes and ears for society. The young people in schools are receivingShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy : Philosophy Of Education1328 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy of Education Jihyae Choe Liberty University TESL 419 â€Æ' Philosophy of Education A good educator decides the direction of teaching based on a resolute educational philosophy. A firm and resolute philosophy does not equate with a fixed perspective, instead it is a strong foundation that can stabilize the life long educational career. In order to establish a firm philosophical basis, passion toward education should accompany proper understanding. Successful educators who establishedRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Education828 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Teachers, especially those in the early years of school, have the extraordinary task of instilling a life-long love of learning in their students. We are there to cultivate their young minds in an arena where children feel safe and secure while expanding and exploring their knowledge of the world around them. We are to create responsible, productive and model citizens of the world. We are given an incredible task to carry out! With that in mind, however education needsRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Education1866 Words   |  8 PagesPhilosophy of Education An educational philosophy gives teachers and all educators’ ways to use problem solving in schools. For a lot of practitioners, actual teaching has been reduced to action lacking of a rationale or justification. 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